(AFP) – The United States and Iran begin high-stakes talks on Tehran’s nuclear programme on Saturday, with President Donald Trump threatening military action should they fail to produce a new deal. They will be the highest-level discussions between the foes since an international agreement on Iran’s nuclear programme crumbled with Trump pulling out in 2018 during his first term in office.
Trump’s special envoy Steve Witkoff and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi are set to lead the discussions behind closed doors in Muscat, the capital of Iran’s neighbour Oman. “I want Iran to be a wonderful, great, happy country. But they can’t have a nuclear weapon,” Trump told reporters aboard Air Force One, hours before the talks were due to begin.
Meanwhile, Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s adviser Ali Shamkhani said Tehran was “seeking a real and fair agreement,” adding that “important and implementable proposals are ready.” If Washington showed goodwill, the path forward would be “smooth,” he said on social media platform X. The talks format has not been confirmed, with the United States calling them direct talks but Iran insisting on an intermediary.
The delegations will start indirect negotiations after a meeting with Omani Foreign Minister Badr bin Hamad Al Busaidi, according to Iranian news agency Tasnim. The talks are expected to start in the afternoon with Busaidi acting as intermediary, Tasnim added. It is unclear whether the talks might extend beyond Saturday. They were announced just days ago by Trump during a White House press appearance with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
– Clock is ticking –
The contact between the two sides, which have not had diplomatic relations for decades, follows repeated threats of military action by both the United States and Israel. “If it requires military, we’re going to have military,” Trump said this week, when asked what would happen if the talks fail to produce a deal. Responding to Trump’s threat, Iran said it could expel United Nations nuclear inspectors, a move that Washington warned would be an “escalation.”
Iran, weighed by years of sanctions and weakened by Israel’s pummelling of its allies Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Gaza, has strong incentives to negotiate. The United States, meanwhile, wants to stop Iran from ever getting close to developing a nuclear bomb. Witkoff told The Wall Street Journal that “our position today” starts with demanding that Iran completely dismantle its nuclear programme — a view of hardliners around Trump that few expect Iran would ever accept.
“That doesn’t mean, by the way, that at the margin we’re not going to find other ways to find compromise between the two countries,” Witkoff told the newspaper. “Where our red line will be, there can’t be weaponisation of your nuclear capability,” Witkoff added. Iran, which insists its nuclear programme is for civilian purposes only, has stepped up its activities since Trump walked away from the 2015 nuclear deal, bringing it ever closer to the capability of producing a nuclear weapon. The latest International Atomic Energy Agency report noted with “serious concern” that Iran had an estimated 274.8 kilogrammes of uranium enriched to 60 percent, nearing the weapons grade of 90 percent.
– ‘Survival of the regime’ –
Ali Vaez of the International Crisis Group think-tank said agreeing the scope of the talks would be “one of the first and most consequential issues.” “Iran does not want an expanded agenda in the early stages. But no deal will be sustainable unless it becomes more comprehensive,” he said. Iran is “likely to engage on steps to roll back its nuclear programme, but not dismantle it entirely” in exchange for sanctions relief, Vaez added.
Karim Bitar, a Middle East Studies lecturer at Sciences Po university in Paris, also said negotiations “will not focus exclusively on… the nuclear programme.” “The deal would have to include Iran stopping its support to its regional allies,” a long-standing demand by US allies in the Gulf, he said. For Iran, it could be a matter of the government’s very survival. “The one and only priority is the survival of the regime, and ideally, to get some oxygen, some sanctions relief, to get their economy going again, because the regime has become quite unpopular,” Bitar said.
– Aya ISKANDARANI
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